Aberration of Starlight
Published on Feb 20, 2007 at 5:30 pm.
8 Comments.
Filed under astronomy, physics.
The star Gamma Draconis (γ Dra) plays an interesting and important role in the history of astronomy. It isn’t really all that impressive of a star to look at. Gamma Draconis, also known variously as Etamin, Eltamin, or Eltanin, is magnitude 1.5, a bit brighter than Polaris. It is a red giant located about 150 light years distant. But, this star is notable because of an accidental discovery made during the early Eighteenth Century.
In most any way that you think about it, Gamma Draconis is pretty much an ordinary star. What made this star special was that it passes almost directly overhead as seen from London. It was this special position that allowed it to be instrumental in proving that the Earth goes around the Sun.
Because of its prime location, astronomers in England thought that they should be able to measure parallax with Gamma Draconis easier than with other stars. A series of zenith telescopes (telescopes that only look straight up) were constructed. The idea was to measure the position of the star as it passed overhead. As the Earth went around the Sun, the star would appear to shift back and forth in the sky. This shift is parallax. Measuring parallax was deemed key to determining that the Earth did, in fact, move around the Sun. The problem is that stars are exceedingly far away, so parallax is tiny. Conventional telescopes had enough slop in their mounts that they could not be used to make such accurate measurements. Also, measurements made through different airmasses would throw results off. So, the idea of a fixed zenith telescope to make the measurements was appealing. A number of astronomers tried this, starting with Robert Hooke, but most of their instruments were far too crude.
However, by the Eighteenth Century, technology had improved to where much better instruments could be constructed. A truly impressive zenith telescope, though, was built by Samuel Molyneux and James Bradley. Their telescope should have been able to measure an angle to a precision slightly better than one arcsecond (an arcsecond is 1/3600 of a degree). Incidentally, not knowing any better, the general assumption at that time was that all stars were about as bright as the Sun, and so given that, I compute that the brightness of Gamma Draconis would produce a distance such that it’s parallax was about 0.3 arcseconds. That gives a shift in position of 0.6 arcseconds, right at the limit of Molyneux and Bradley’s telescope. Incidentally, Gamma Draconis is actually almost 150 times brighter than the Sun, and so it is much farther away than they suspected. Its real parallax has been measured to be 0.022 arcseconds, so their instrument, as good as it was, was hopelessly insufficient for the task.
Upon making measurements, though, they found that Gamma Draconis shifted back and forth by 20 arcseconds (40 arcseconds between its farthest north and south positions!). This was vastly bigger than should have been possible. Bradley went on to construct another zenith telescope of even greater precision, capable of measuring angles to within 0.5 arcseconds (but he’d still have needed a device with ten times that capability to have any hope of detecting this star’s parallax). His new telescope could shift back and forth slightly, allowing him to measure positions of many more stars. He found that they all showed this shift of about ±20 arcseconds!
So, what gives? What was Bradley actually measuring if it wasn’t parallax? Well, to answer this, we need to realize that light travels at finite speed. It travels fast, for sure, but not instantaneous. The shift that Bradley measured was, in fact, due to the motion of the Earth, but it wasn’t parallax. Let me explain.
To make this easier, consider the case of a car sitting in a rainstorm.
Assume that it is a calm day. The rain falls straight down onto the car. An occupant of the car looks out the windshield and sees the rain falling straight down onto the car. But, what if the car is moving? The rain is still falling straight down, of course, as seen in the next picture.
But, now, the situation looks different to the driver of the car. If he were to look at a particular raindrop, it would start high in front of the car and then as it fell, it would be getting closer and closer until it hit the windshield. In other words, the rain hitting the windshield was falling straight downward, but it did not start over the car’s windshield, but rather some distance in front of it. To the driver of the car, it looks the same as if the rain were coming down at angle, as seen in the third diagram.
But, the rain is still falling straight downward, no matter how it looks to the driver! But, in order to see the rain drops that are about to hit the windshield, the driver would 
not look straight up, but would look some angle forward of straight up.
But, light also moves. So, for a stationary Earth, you’d just have to look right at the star to see it. But Earth is not stationary. It is moving, so in order to see the light of the star, you need to look slightly forward (relative to Earth’s motion) of where the star should appear to be in order to see the light of the star. As the Earth goes around the Sun, you’d see the star a tiny bit forward of where it should be. 
Then, six months later, Earth is on the far side of the Sun, going in the other direction, so the star would again appear slightly forward of where it should be, but that is now looking slightly in the other direction. The faster that the Earth moves tangentially to the star, the bigger the shift. It can be up to about 20.5 arcseconds either way. We call this shift the aberration of starlight. It is every bit as powerful a proof of Earth’s motion around the Sun as parallax, and Bradley became widely acclaimed due to his discovery.
-Astroprof
Scott on February 20, 2007 at 8:49 pm: 1
Does an aberration correction have to be applied to the position of an object that is co-moving with the observer?
Astroprof on February 20, 2007 at 9:51 pm: 2
Originally, I thought to say \”yes\” to your question. Then, I got to thinking about it a bit more.
Though my analogy to rain on a windshield is useful as a thought experiment, it is flawed in that it does not take into account special relativity. A basic premise in special relativity is that there is not really any universal prefered reference frame. So, that would mean that if the two bodies were moving in the same direction at the same speed, then it would appear as if they are stationary with respect to one another, so there\’d be no aberration.
Allan Meyer on March 14, 2007 at 11:56 pm: 3
“… if the two bodies were moving in the same direction at the same speed, then it would appear as if they are stationary with respect to one another, so there\’d be no aberration.”
DON’T NEED to invoke special relativity. This is just good old-fashioned 400 year old Galilean relativity
(G. Galilei, “Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo” (1632). Galileo established that an inertial frame exhibits no evidence of velocity relative to any other frame. You only need Einstein’s special relativity (Lorentz transforms) if relative velocity between observer and light source is relativistic. When the Millenium Falcon jumps to light speed, the stars streak outward from the projected flight direction, the wrong way: relativistic aberration would make them squeeze in toward the flight direction, turn blue before becoming invisible UV or x-ray sources …
See also Michelson-Morley expt. (1887), e.g. Wikipedia article
Astroprof’s Page » The first parallax measurements on June 28, 2007 at 1:01 am: 4
[…] At first, astronomers had thought all stars to be similar, so the brighter stars were presumed to be the nearer ones. But, that idea had begun to fall by the wayside by the Eighteenth Century. Astronomers realized that brightness may not correlate at all with nearness (and it largely doesn’t). Eager attempts to measure parallax inevitably resulted in failure. The stars were simply far more distant than anyone had been prepared to imagine. But, along the way, there were a lot of interesting discoveries. For example, the search for parallax led to the discovery of the aberration of starlight. […]
Ken More on December 5, 2008 at 4:47 pm: 5
The prediction of the SIM test described in http://renshaw.teleinc.com/papers/simiee2/simiee2.stm
is that aberration is expected to be not more than 18 micro arcseconds per degree of field view and a maximum of 18 micro arcseconds per degree of field view due to Lorentz (or SR) length contraction. The SIM test also predicts that the combined effect of aberration and length contraction would be a maximum of approximately 36 micro arcseconds per degree of field view.
My Questions are:
(1) Why is the maximum aberration allowance only 18 micro arcseconds per degree of field view when your article above states that the measured aberration measured “can be up to about 20.5 arcseconds either way”?
(2) Since the maximum aberration angle predicted by the SIM test is about one million times smaller than the measured aberration angle can it be that NASA is not talking about the same aberration factor that has been measured by astronomers?
(3) If the SIM test is discussing an additional aberration factor do you have any clue about what may be the cause of this additional aberration factor?
captain Nader Jneid Syrian on April 1, 2011 at 4:40 pm: 6
One evidence proved Copernicus theory is wrong
Good day
introduction : very important ????????????
1. It is Wrong to say that the Earth turns around itself from West to East , because the rotation from West to East can be move with Clockwise or Anti Clockwise direction .
2. we are looking north pole up, and as Copernicus theory says that the Earth turns around itself Anti Clockwise to form day and night , and also the Earth orbit around the Sun Anti Clockwise to form the four seasons .
the advance is
• Solar eclipse occurs when the Moon between the Sun and the Earth , eclipse period take 8 hours .
• As Copernicus theory :
1. Sun is stationery
2. The Moon orbit around the Earth 360 per 29 days 14 hours and 40 Minutes Anti Clockwise direction .
• So the Moon orbit around Earth per 24 hours 12 degrees ,
• and within eclipse period 8 hours the Moon will orbit around Earth 4 degrees Anti Clockwise direction .
3. Earth Consisting of 360 degrees , or 360 longitudes , it turn around it self within 24 hours Anti Clockwise direction
• within eclipse period 8 hours , the Earth is turn around it self 120 degrees or 120 longitudes Anti Clockwise direction ,
As above 1, 2 & 3 :
• If the Solar eclipse began over longitude Greenwich 000 over Africa ,
• and the Earth turn Anti Clockwise direction around it self
• the Solar eclipse will end over longitude 120 West over America
• But actually if Solar eclipse began over longitude Greenwich 000 over Africa it will ended over longitude 120 East over Asia
• That mean either
• the Earth standing still
• Or the Earth turns around itself Clockwise
Result theory captain Nader Jneid says :
The Earth is Standstill
It is not turn around itself and not orbit around the Sun
Day and night form during orbit the sun around the earth , Four season form by the sun transition between cancer and Capricorn during orbiting around the earth
kindly I ask you to replay and any Question please do not hostess to send email
http://www.naderjneid.com/files/Earth.rar
Thank you
captain Nader Jneid Syrian
ATP F.A.A
Flight Dispatcher F.A.A
Discoverer of the theory of the Earth does not turn around itself and around the Sun
Mobile: 00963 933813169
jneid101@hotmail.com
captain Nader Jneid Syrian on April 1, 2011 at 4:43 pm: 7
Questions confirm that the Earth is standing still (stationery) it is not turns around it self , and it is not orbiting around the Sun .
Good day
introduction : very important ????????????
It is Wrong to say that the Earth turns around itself from west to east , because the rotation from west to east can be move with clockwise or anti clockwise direction .
we are looking up north pole , and as Copernicus theory
says that the Earth turns around itself anti clockwise to form day and night ,
and also Earth orbit around the Sun anti clockwise to form the four seasons .
kindly I ask you to replay :
Question 1
• Atmosphere ended at 100 k.m , does universe after the Atmosphere is orbiting around the Earth , or it is standing still (stationery) ?
• if turn what is the direction of rotation , is it clockwise or anticlockwise?
Question 2
• geostationary Satellites when put in orbit universe , Does the orbiting direction Clockwise or anti clockwise ?
if geostationary Satellite direction anti clockwise like earth rotation , Copernicus theory is correct
Or if geostationary Satellites direction clockwise , the Earth is standing still (stationery) and Copernicus theory is wrong and my theory correct .
Question 3
when the pilot start process to land on run way , he never calculate Earth rotation around itself and orbiting around the Sun ,
• When Russia decided to terminate the space station Mir and drop it in the ocean , does engineer calculate Earth’s rotation around itself and orbit around the Sun ?
If they calculate Copernicus theory is correct
If not calculate the Earth is standing still and Copernicus theory is wrong my theory correct .
Question 4
• When the space shuttle return to the Earth , does spaceman in NASA calculate Earth’s rotation around itself and orbit around the Sun ?
If they calculate Copernicus theory is correct
If not calculate the Earth is standing still and Copernicus theory is wrong .
through my discussion with NASA flight center they advise that :
• geostationary Satellites direction is clockwise
• they never calculate Earth’s rotation around itself and orbit around the Sun
Question 5
• Does spaceman see the Earth is orbiting around the Sun ,
• Or does the shuttle photographed the Earth orbiting around the Sun?
NASA said NO
Question 6
• Sun , Earth , and the Moon have gravity , Kindly I ask you to order the gravity force from the strongest to the weakest ?
Question 7
• Is the Earth orbiting around the Sun by the Sun’s gravity forces ?
Question 8
• If Sun’s gravity is greater than the Moon’s gravity , Why tides occur when the Moon is vertical on the Earth , and tides does not occur when the Sun is vertical on the Earth ?
Question 9
• air plane Helicopter the weight is 5 tons parking on carrier aircraft , it is a piece of air carrier
• if it is make take off and fly 1 meter above carrier aircraft
• does the helicopter is a mass of carrier aircraft , or becoming a mass of the air ?
Question 10
• Does the weight helicopter reduce from carrier aircraft after flying 1 meter or not ?
Question 11
• Airplane flying and weight 100 tons , and Carrey 100 birds , total weight all birds 10 tons ,
• If all birds leave the seats and fly in the airplane at the same time , Does the aircraft weight still 100 tons or becomes 90 tons ?
Question 12
• Will the birds stay inside the air plane or be outside? And Why ?
Question 13
• same airplane but we open it in front and rear and start Atmosphere flow inside the airplane during flying ,
• then and all birds fly from the seats at same time ,
• Does the aircraft weight still 100 tons or becomes 90 tons?
Question 14
• Does the birds stay in the aero plane or will be outside of the air plane due to curb Atmosphere ?
Question 15
• When spaceman leave the shuttle in outside atmosphere , will he remains next to the shuttle ? and why
Question 16
• If spaceman leave shuttle inside atmosphere , will he stay next to the shuttle or atmosphere will curb him far away ?
Question 17
• Atmosphere is open it is not surrounded with the solid portions if the earth turn around itself , the wind will be more than 1000 km/h , and will curb every thing on the earth and crushed it , why the atmosphere is static is it indicate the earth standing still ?
Question 18
• If we rotate a big wheel at speed 100 km/h , the atmosphere next to the wheel move indirection because the wheel is solid material and atmosphere is gas material , and the wind speed will be strong , And when we go away from the wheel , the wind speed will decreases , and the wheel can not handle atmosphere and force it to turn directly , is this Physical reality correct ?
Question 19
• exactly the same , earth is solid material and atmosphere is gases material
• if the earth turn around itself , it will move the atmosphere indirection like the wheel
• is it indicate static atmosphere that the earth standing still ?
Question 20
• When increased height , air density and air pressure degrees
• why wind speed is small next to the earth , and the wind speed increase up to 250 km/h ( jet stream ) as we rise from the Earth and become westerly it is opposite Physical reality wheel ?
Question 21
gases is soft material we can not be handle and move either it surrounded with solid partition ,
How can the Earth handle the atmosphere during turns around itself and orbit around the Sun without solid partition?
Question 22
• Atmosphere is gas material , which is surrounding the Earth , it is not solid material on the Earth .
• Why is gravity Earth able to handle the atmosphere during the Earth’s rotation around itself at speeds 1667 km/h , and around the Sun at speeds 100 thousand km/h , and can not able to handle the atmosphere at hurricanes , which speeds up to 300 km / h
Question 23
• During Earth rotation around it self at speed 1667 km/h at the equator, As a result , Your weight 80 kg during Earth’s gravity and centrifugal force generated by the Earth’s rotation around itself .
• your weight will increase gradually as you move toward the pole , due to decrease speed of the Earth’s rotation around itself , and the decreasing centrifugal force . And your weight will be more than (160) kg over the pole .
• Why your weight not change over the pole with centrifugal force become zero ?
Question 24
• How can the Moon and Satellites orbit around the Earth , If the Earth orbit around the Sun at speed 100 thousand km/h , either they have self power , to enable them to increase and decrease their speed to maintain their position during orbit around the Earth ?
Question 25
• As air navigation and aviation theory , If the Earth with the atmosphere orbit around the Sun, at speed 100 thousand km/h , and the maximum speed of Shuttle 27 thousand km/h ,
• if the Shuttle left atmosphere , it would face great difficult in returning to the Earth , because his small speed , and America has deceived the world when she landed on the Moon and back with 6 days , but if the Earth is stationary , the United States had landed on the Moon ????
Question 26
• If the atmosphere turn with the Earth around itself , the flight time will not effected by the Earth rotation when flight inside atmosphere.
• If we fly outside the atmosphere at speeds 800 km/h clockwise direction , and the Earth turns at speeds 1667 km/h anti clockwise direction , Why the flight time not decrees , as the direction of the Earth’s rotation and the direction of the air plane in opposite ?
Question 27
• Solar eclipse occurs when the Moon between the Sun and the earth , eclipse period take 8 hours the Moon orbit around earth 4 degrees anti clockwise , and earth turn around it self 120 degrees anti clockwise ,
• result : if eclipse began over Africa, the eclipse will end over America westerly , why all eclipse has began over Africa and ended over Asia easterly ?
finally theory captain Nader Jneid is :
The Earth is Standstill ( stationary ),
It is not turn around itself and not orbit around the Sun
Day and night form during orbit the sun around the earth .
Four season form by the sun transition between cancer and Capricorn during orbiting around the earth
open the link the Earth is stationery
http://www.naderjneid.com/files/Earth.rar
http://www.naderjneid.com
Thank you
captain Nader Jneid Syrian
ATP F.A.A
Flight Dispatcher F.A.A
Discoverer of the theory of the Earth does not turn around itself and around the Sun
Mobile: 00963 933813169
jneid101@hotmail.com
Captain : Nader Jneid on June 27, 2011 at 10:05 pm: 8
Evidence for the Earth’s orbital motion around the sun and rotation on its axis negated:
kindly ask you to publish in your journal
1. The Coriolis effect, as it applies to falling bodies, projectiles, aircraft and rocket trajectories, and the behavior of Earth’s weather systems
Negate:
Coriolis effect force is correct but it’s not coming from earth’s rotation , it is coming from the rotation of the universe.
Coriolis force is very small if we compare it with Centrifugal force IF the earth rotates on its axis.
If the earth rotates on its axis its Centrifugal force is:
law… Centrifugal Force = mass × speed square ÷ radial
mass = 100 KG
earth radial = 6400 km
Earth rotation speed at equator 1667 km/h
C. F = 100 x 1667 x 1667 ÷ 6400 = 4300 k.g
While within the circle of the pole Centrifugal Force
mass = 100 KG
radial = 10 k.m
Earth rotation speed at pole 2.6 km / h
C. F = 100 X 2.6 X 2.6 ÷ 10 = 67 k.g
Centrifugal force increase 4300 ÷ 67 = 64 times from equator to pole ,
but actually, the gravity difference between the equator and the pole is 0.10 , so with such a big difference in Centrifugal Force and small difference in gravity , from where is the stability if the earth turns around it self ?
2. The precession of a Foucault pendulum, and its dependence on latitude
Negate :
Foucault pendulum does not mean that the earth turns around itself. Precession is coming from the speed of the universe around Earth at different speeds.
In meteorology sciences :
High-pressure forces air to move towards low pressure , and Coriolis force effect makes air deviate to the right in the Northern Hemisphere .
This is what happens with the Foucoult pendulum, it begins vibratory movement then begins to deviate to the right until complete rotation, exactly what is happening with low pressure.
3. Changes in the Doppler effect in starlight when a star is rising in the East , crossing the local meridian and then setting in the west, revealing a latitude dependent speed that must reside with the observer and not the star
Negate :
Instead of calculating far stars. I hope to calculate the movement of geostationary Satellites.
All astronomers and astrophysics professors including those working at NASA, say that geostationary Satellites when put in orbit, the direction is anti clockwise like earths rotation (we’re looking north pole up).
But actually, all geostationary Satellites when NASA’s flight center put it in orbit around the earth , the direction is clockwise (north pole up) ,
As with the mechanics law , how can the Satellite be stationary to the earth with the difference in movement? Either
the universe is stationery and the earth rotates on its axis clockwise, Or the universe orbits anti clockwise around the earth and the earth is stationery or standing still
Another recalculation is:
Solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth , eclipse period takes 8 hours .
According to Copernicus theory :
1 - Sun is stationery
2 - The Moon orbits around the Earth 360 degrees per 29 days 14 hours and 40 Minutes in an Anti Clockwise direction = 29.6 days .
So the Moon orbits around Earth per 24 hours 12 degrees ,
• and within the eclipse period of 8 hours the Moon will orbit around Earth 4 degrees in an Anti Clockwise direction .
3 - Earth, Consisting of 360 degrees , or 360 longitudes , will turn around itself within 24 hours in an Anti Clockwise direction ,
• within the eclipse period of 8 hours, the Earth turns around itself 120 degrees or 120 longitudes in an Anti Clockwise direction ,
As above 1, 2 & 3 :
• If the Solar eclipse began over longitude Greenwich 000 over Africa ,
• and the Earth turns Anti Clockwise around it self
• the Solar eclipse will end over longitude 120 West over America
• But actually if the Solar eclipse began over longitude Greenwich 000 over Africa it will end over longitude 120 East over Asia
• That means either the Earth turns around itself Clockwise Or the Earth is standing still.
4. Parallax motion of the Moon from moonrise, to meridian crossing and to moonset
Negate :
The Motion of the earth , sun ,moon or stars is a relative movement , but all Motion proves the earth is stationary and the center of universe.
Gravity is pulling the lighter object , when gravity increases it will pull heavier, exactly like a jet engine at idle power starts to pull the clothes of an engineer who gives the signals to a pilot when he starts the engines
When the pilot increases thrust, the air suction at the front engine will increase, and if the engineer is in a bad position maybe the engine will ‘gravitate’ the engineer.
If the Sun’s gravity is greater than the earth’s gravity and the Moon’s gravity, and the Earth is orbiting around the Sun by the Sun’s gravity why does the sun not make tides when the Sun is vertical on the Earth like the Moon when vertical on the Earth?
Earths Gravity can hold the atmosphere but can not synchronise it because the atmosphere is a gaseous material. If the earth turns around itself , it will move the atmosphere in that direction, and we should feel a big drag of the air like a car when motion.
5. The parallax motion that can be detected in nearby stars that has a period of one year and depends on the star’s angular distance away from the ecliptic plane of the Earth’s orbit
Negate:
Stellar parallax is an observation, it doesn’t matter if Earth is the centre of the universe or the sun! It is used for trigonometry to measure star distances, but they use the SUNS ORBIT as the baseline.
If the Earth orbits the Sun, and we sent a space shuttle toward the Sun on 21 March, and after 6 months on 23 September, the Earth has orbited 180 degrees around the Sun, and moved to the other side of the Sun. We will not be able to see the Earth from the shuttle that day, because the large size of the Sun and the Earth behind the Sun.
But we still see the Earth from the shuttle so it is clear that the earth is the center of the universe and everything orbits around the earth?
6. The aberration of starlight which also has a period of one year
Negate
Why is the flight time not increased when flying opposite to the direction of the earths rotation?
If we agree the atmosphere is turning with the Earth, the flight time will not be effected by the Earths rotation if we fly in the atmosphere.
Where the atmosphere ends at a height 100 k.m and we fly over the atmosphere,
If the Earth turns at speeds 1667 km/h anti clockwise direction, and we fly clockwise direction at speeds 800 km/h , so the flight time must be less , due to the opposite directional movement ,why is the flight time still increased?
…..because the earth is standing still and the universe orbits around the earth anti clockwise.
7. Periodic changes in the Doppler effect in starlight whose amplitude depend on the star’s angular distance away from the ecliptic plane of the Earth’s orbit (dropping to zero at the ecliptic poles) and whose magnitude varies across the year (a blue shift when the Earth is orbiting most directly toward the star, a redshift when orbiting away, and two dates with zero shift when the Earth is orbiting tangential to the direction to the star).
Negate
When Russia decided to terminate the space station Mir and drop it in the ocean, did the engineers calculate Earth’s rotation around itself and orbit around the Sun?
When the space shuttle returns to the Earth , do spacemen in NASA calculate Earth’s rotation around itself and orbit around the Sun?
When a pilot is flying, does he calculate Earth’s rotation around itself and orbit around the Sun ?
If they calculate Copernicus theory is correct
If they dont calculate the Earth is in fact standing still and Copernicus theory is wrong and captain nadir jneid theory is fact that the Earth is standing still and the universe orbit’s it.
8. Several effects of special and general relativity, namely the time dilation of signals from millisecond pulsars and of Earth-based clocks relative to those on satellites and spacecraft
Negate
Does Earth’s gravity produce attraction and rejection to maintain the moon and satellites around the Earth?
If not, what is the kind of power the moon and satellites have to maintain their circuit around the earth during transition?
9. The simplicity of Kepler’s Laws of Planetary motion, when considered using the Sun as the central body of the Solar System.
Negate
How do Kepler’s Laws of motion solve this motion?
In Mechanical science if the Earth is stationary, the moon and satellites can turn around the Earth at a constant speed and angle, but if the Earth turns around the Sun at 100 thousand km/h , it makes the moon and satellites have 2 movements, the first circuit around the earth and the second transition around the Sun.
Such as 2 cars white and black in two cases :
First case:
White car stationary, and the black car turns around the white car at a constant speed and angle, it is easy .
Second case:
White car moving at a speed of 100 km/h,
to maintain, black car circuits around white car,
the speed will be 100 km/h when behind the white car, then increase speed when overtaken ,
then decrease the speed to 100 km / h when black car in front of white car .
then decrease speed to make white car overtake
then increasing speed to 100 km/h to be back behind the white car.
Do the moon and satellites , have self power to enable them to increase or decrease their speed to maintain their position relative to the Earth during the Earth’s rotation around itself and around the Sun?
10. The success of many hundreds of space missions to the Moon and other planets, as executed by heliocentric-minded scientists from the USA , European countries, Russia , China , Japan and India .
Negate
NASA flight center , all pilots and dispatchers never calculate earths rotation around it self and orbit around the sun when making flight plans and flying , if the earth rotates and moves, aviation theory will fail any space missions to the Moon and planets.
If the Earth was turning around itself, then its speed would be at the equator about 1667 km/h (because the Earth circumference equals (40.000) km it takes in just one course during 24 hours).
Moreover, the speed of the moon rotation around the Earth centre about (80.000) km/h, where the moon is away from the Earth by (350.000) km.
In addition, according to the air navigation rules, the landing point on the moons surface moves and turns with the moons movement around the Earth ; consequently, a spaceship cannot descend on the moons surface when it is close, because the maximum speed of any spaceship is (27.000) km/h, and it will collide with the moon and it will explode when its close to descending because of its movement.
Thus, America has cheated the whole world when it said that it descended on the moons surface. All photos distributed are made in the cinematic Hollywood city.
But if the Earth is stationary, neither turns around itself nor around the sun, so the flight and descending on the moons surface IS possible according to air navigation rules, and America has factually descended on the moons surface. This proves the fixation and stability of the Earth, thus it turns neither around itself nor around the sun.
Other Question
• Why is surface Wind speed so small if the earth turns at a speed of 1667 km/h? Does it mean , that the earth does not turn around itself is a Physics reality?
• Why is wind speed so small next to the earth , and the wind speed increase as we rise from the Earth? Is it the opposite reality of physics ?
• Does the universe orbit above Earths atmosphere that turns around the earth or is it standing still? If it turns what is the direction of rotation, is it clockwise or anticlockwise?
• Do spacemen see the Earth’s orbit around the Sun?
• Did the spacecraft photographe the Earth’s rotation around the Sun?
• Why doesn’t the Earth displace the air , why don’t we feel the movement of air which results from Earths rotation , but in reality we feel the movement of the air, if we move at 10 km/h?
• Why is the gravity of Earth able to handle and synchronies the atmosphere during the Earth’s rotation around itself at speeds 1667 km/h and around the Sun at speeds 100 thousand km/h , and is not able to handle and synchronies the atmosphere at hurricanes of the fifth degree, with speeds up to 300 km / h?
I Kindly ask you to order the force of gravity for each of the Sun , the Earth and the moon from the strongest to weakest?
• Is the Earth turning around the Sun by the force attraction of the Sun , as according to Kepler’s laws and the theory of Copernicus?
• Why are ebb and tides occurring when the moon is vertical on the Earth , and does not occur when the Sun is vertical on the Earth?
Question:
Airplane flying, and weighs 100 tons and Carrying 100 birds, each bird has a weight of 100 kg , If all birds leave the seats and flew in the airplane at the same time:
• Does the aircraft weight still 100 tons or becomes 95 tons?
• Also, will the birds stay inside the air plane or be outside? And Why?
How much weight is the plane, 100 tons or 90 tons?
• Why does your weight not change over the pole where centrifugal forces become non-existent?
Finally:
• Why does there not occur strong movements of water in the ocean during the Earth’s rotation around the Sun at variable speeds?
• Do engineers and spacemen calculate Earth’s rotation around itself and around the Sun When Russia decided to terminate the space station Mir and drop it in the ocean within certain coordinates?
• When the space shuttle returns to the Earth Has the spacemen in NASA calculated Earth’s rotation around itself and around the Sun when he starts the landing process?
To correct my statement you can ask at NASA flight center.
open the link the Earth is stationery
http://www.naderjneid.com/files/Earth.rar
Best .regards
Thank you
Captain : Nader Jneid
Syrian Damascus
Proofreader : Mike Jones
Airline Transport Pilot F.A.A
Flight Dispatcher F.A.A
Discoverer of the FACT of the Earth does not turn around itself and around the Sun
Who specializes in astronomy and space, and the Hijri and Gregorian Calendar and Prayer Timings
Mobile: 00963 933813169
jneid101@hotmail.com